In a significant development, Somalia’s president, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, signed a bill on Saturday that officially voids a preliminary agreement between Somaliland and Ethiopia. The deal involved granting landlocked Ethiopia access to Somaliland’s coast, which has sparked tensions across the Horn of Africa.
Mohamud emphasized that the bill illustrates their commitment to safeguarding unity, sovereignty, and territorial integrity in accordance with international law.
Background on Somaliland and the Controversial Agreement
Somaliland declared independence from Somalia in 1991 during a civil war and has operated autonomously since. The capital, Hargeisa, claims the borders of the former British protectorate in northern Somalia.
The memorandum of understanding, signed between Somaliland’s president, Muse Bihi, and Ethiopia’s prime minister, Abiy Ahmed, outlined potential future cooperation. Although details are contested and not public, it is believed that Somaliland would grant Ethiopia access to the Gulf of Aden in exchange for shares in Ethiopian Airlines and recognition of Somaliland’s independence.
Terms of the Memorandum and International Reactions
According to Ethiopian officials, the deal included granting Ethiopia 20km of land along Somaliland’s Gulf of Aden coast for at least 50 years. In return, Ethiopia would provide Somaliland with shares in Ethiopian Airlines.
The international community has condemned the agreement. The US recognizes Somalia within its 1960 borders, including Somaliland, and called for dialogue to resolve the issue. The UK and Turkey have also expressed concerns, urging respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Somalia has recalled its ambassador from Ethiopia and sought international support, while the EU, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and Arab League have appealed to Ethiopia not to proceed with the deal.
Somaliland’s Response Amidst Tensions
Despite international pushback, Somaliland remains undeterred, asserting its intention to proceed with the preliminary pact with Ethiopia. The agreement has sparked demonstrations and counter-demonstrations within Somalia and Somaliland, reflecting the divided public opinion on the matter.
The situation highlights the complex dynamics in the region and the need for diplomatic dialogue to address the concerns of all parties involved.
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