Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Sher-e-Punjab and the Founder of the Sikh Empire*
Maharaja Ranjit Singh, also known as Sher-e-Punjab, was born on November 13, 1780, in Gujranwala which falls in Pakistan in the present time. Renowned for his diplomatic and military prowess from a young age, he captured Lahore in 1799, marking the beginning of the Sikh Empire. In 1801, Ranjit Singh was crowned Maharaja by a descendant of Guru Nanak Ji. His reign united Punjab into a powerful province and kept the British at bay during his lifetime. The Kohinoor diamond was a prized possession in his treasury. Maharaja Ranjit Singh passed away on June 27, 1839. His death marked the start of instability and decline in the Sikh Empire, leading to its eventual fall to the British in 1849. His leadership and legacy remain integral to the history of the region.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh died on June 27, 1839
He was born on November 13, 1780 in Gujranwala
He is also known as Sher-e-Punjab
Ranjit Singh was crowned Maharaja by a descendant of Guru Nanak Ji
*Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw: The Architect of Victory*
Sam Manekshaw, also known as Sam Bahadur, was born on April 3, 1914, in a Parsi family in Amritsar, Punjab. He joined the Indian Military Academy in Dehradun in 1932 and began his distinguished military career in 1934. During World War II, Manekshaw fought against the Japanese Army and was awarded the Military Cross for his bravery. He played significant roles in the 1962 Indo-China War and various operations of the Indian Army. Manekshaw’s most notable achievement was during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War, where he served as the Chief of Army Staff. His strategic leadership led to a decisive victory for India and the creation of Bangladesh. In recognition of his contributions, he was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in 1973, becoming the first Indian military officer to hold this esteemed rank. Sam Manekshaw passed away on June 27, 2008, leaving behind a legacy of valor and exemplary leadership in the Indian Army.
– Sam Manekshaw was the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
– He was the first Indian military officer to hold the rank of Field Marshal
Manekshaw was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in 1973
– He died on 27 June, 2008
*HS-748: India’s First Indigenous Passenger Aircraft*
On June 27, 1967, Indian Airlines received its first indigenous passenger aircraft, the AVRO Hawker Siddeley HS-748. This aircraft was jointly manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and the British company AVRO. Designed for short and medium-distance flights, the HS-748 could accommodate 40 to 48 passengers. When production began in India, the aircraft was renamed HAL-748. HAL produced 89 of these aircraft, with 72 for the Indian Air Force and 17 for Indian Airlines. Indian Airlines primarily used the HS-748 on regional routes, where operating larger aircraft was challenging. The HS-748 played a crucial role in enhancing regional connectivity in India.
On June 27, 1967, Indian Airlines received the first indigenous passenger aircraft
– The name of the aircraft was Avro Hawker Siddeley HS-748
– The aircraft was jointly manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and the British company AVRO
*The World’s First ATM: A Banking Revolution*
On June 27, 1967, the world’s first ATM was unveiled at Barclays Bank in London, thanks to the innovative efforts of John Shepherd-Barron. Inspired by a chocolate vending machine, Shepherd-Barron developed the ATM to facilitate easier cash withdrawals. British comedy actor Reg Varney was the first person to use the ATM, withdrawing a maximum of 10 pounds, equivalent to about 1,000 rupees today. Initially, the machine required a six-digit PIN, later simplified to four digits. The early ATMs operated without cards; withdrawals were made using cheques coated with a radioactive substance, readable by the machine. Users would insert a cheque and enter their PIN to access cash. In 1966, James Goodfellow patented the ATM technology, which introduced the use of plastic cards instead of cheques—a system still in use today. Shepherd-Barron’s invention quickly gained popularity, leading to the installation of 50 more machines across London, marking the beginning of a banking revolution.
– On June 27, 1967, World’s first ATM was unveiled at Barclays Bank, London
– The ATM machine could dispense a maximum of 10 pounds at a time
– Money was withdrawn from the ATM machine by cheque, not by card
*The Landmark 1957 Study Confirming Smoking Causes Cancer*
On June 27, 1957, a groundbreaking study scientifically confirmed for the first time that smoking causes cancer. Conducted by America’s National Cancer Institute, National Heart Institute, American Cancer Society, and American Heart Association, this study was a pivotal moment in public health. The study, conducted from 1952 to 1955, involved 18.7 million American men. Over the 44-month period, 11,783 participants died. The investigation revealed that smoking significantly contributed to these deaths, with smokers being 5 to 15 times more likely to develop lung cancer. This revelation challenged the prevailing belief that pollution and chemicals from World War weapons were the primary causes of cancer deaths. The report’s publication divided public opinion: some called for a ban on tobacco products, while others dismissed the findings. Today, recognizing the dangers of tobacco, many countries have implemented various restrictions on tobacco products.
June 27, 1957: Scientific Confirmation of Smoking’s Link to Cancer
– During a 44-month study, it was discovered that smoking causes cancer
– The study revealed that smoking is a major cause of death among people
This revelation challenged the prevailing belief that pollution and wartime chemicals were the primary causes of cancer deaths
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