On July 31, 1940, the great revolutionary Sardar Udham Singh was hanged. Udham Singh shot and killed British officer Michael O’Dwyer in London to avenge the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. On March 13, 1940, a meeting of the East India Association and the Royal Central Asian Society was held at Caxton Hall in London, where O’Dwyer was present. After O’Dwyer finished his speech and was returning to his seat, Udham Singh, who was also in attendance, took out a revolver hidden in a book and fired at O’Dwyer, killing him on the spot. Udham Singh was immediately apprehended, tried, and subsequently hanged on July 31, 1940. O’Dwyer was the British officer responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which occurred on April 13, 1919, when troops opened fire on thousands of unarmed protesters gathered against the Rowlatt Act during the Baisakhi festival, resulting in the deaths of over a thousand people, including women, men, and children. Udham Singh witnessed the massacre and vowed to take revenge. He stayed in London for six years to fulfill his mission. In 2021, Bollywood actor Vicky Kaushal’s film ‘Sardar Udham’ paid tribute to the revolutionary Sardar Udham Singh.
– Martyrdom day of the great revolutionary Sardar Udham Singh
– Sardar Udham Singh was hanged on July 31, 1940
– Udham Singh fired bullets at British officer to avenge the Jallianwala Bagh massacre
– Vicky Kaushal’s film ‘Sardar Udham’ is a tribute to Sardar Udham Singh
Munshi Premchand was born on July 31, 1880, in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. His real name was Dhanpat Rai Srivastava. Regarded as one of the greatest storytellers in Hindi and Urdu literature, Premchand is celebrated for his profound and socially relevant works. His major novels include *Godaan*, *Gaban*, *Rangbhoomi*, *Nirmala*, and *Karmabhoomi*. He also wrote numerous stories, with notable examples such as *Panch Parmeshwar*, *Idgah*, *Namak Ka Daroga*, and *Bade Ghar Ki Beti*. Premchand’s works are distinguished by their critique of social realities, issues faced by the poor, and the injustices prevalent in society. His writing vividly portrays rural life and the struggles of ordinary people. Through his literary contributions, Premchand championed social reform and the promotion of moral values. He passed away on October 8, 1936, but his legacy endures through his impactful and timeless literature.
– Munshi Premchand was born on July 31, 1880
– His real name was Dhanpatrai Srivastava
– He is considered one of the greatest storytellers of Hindi and Urdu literature
Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi was born on July 31, 1907, in Goa. He was a renowned mathematician and Marxist historian known for his significant contributions to ancient Indian history. Kosambi authored several influential books, including *An Introduction to the Study of Indian History* and *Myth and Reality: Studies in the Formation of Indian Culture*, which offers a detailed analysis of Indian society, culture, and politics. He served as a professor at Harvard University, specializing in mathematics, history, and linguistics. After completing his education, he taught at Kashi Hindu University and Aligarh Muslim University. In 1944, Kosambi published a pivotal 4-page article titled *Estimation of Map Distance from Recombination Values*, introducing what is now known as the Kosambi map function. In 1946, he joined the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, where he worked for 16 years. Kosambi passed away on June 29, 1966.
– Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi was born on 31 July 1907
– He was a mathematician and Marxist historian
– Damodar Kosambi died on 29 June 1966
Mohammad Rafi, a celebrated playback singer in Hindi cinema, passed away on July 31, 1980. Born on December 24, 1924, in Kotla Sultan Singh village, Punjab, Rafi distinguished himself among his contemporaries with the melodious quality of his voice. He began his career in the 1940s and quickly became a leading figure in Indian cinema. Rafi sang thousands of songs in various languages, including Hindi, Punjabi, Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati, Telugu, and Urdu. His work gained widespread acclaim in both film and non-film music. Throughout his career, he received numerous awards, including the National Film Award, six Filmfare Awards, and the Padma Shri from the Government of India in 1967. Though he passed away from a heart attack on July 31, 1980, his voice and music continue to resonate with audiences today.
– Mohammad Rafi died on 31 July 1980
– He started his career in the 1940s
– Mohammad Rafi was born on 24 December 1924 in Punjab
On July 31, 1995, the first mobile phone call in India was made from the Reuters Building in Kolkata. The call was initiated by Jyoti Basu, the then Chief Minister of West Bengal, who dialed Pandit Sukhram, the then Telecom Minister, who was in Sanchar Bhavan, Delhi. The call was made using a Nokia mobile phone. This historic call was conducted over the network of Modi Telstra, a company formed in 1993 through a partnership between Modi Corp and the Australian company Telstra. Modi Telstra was India’s first mobile network operator. This event marks the beginning of India’s telecom revolution, and today, India stands as the second-largest telecom market in the world.
– Two people spoke for the first time on a mobile phone in India on 31 July 1995
– This call was made from Reuters Building in Kolkata
– This call was made from a Nokia mobile phone
On July 31, 1658, Aurangzeb ascended to the throne of the Mughal Empire, becoming the Sultan. He ruled for 49 years, the longest reign after Akbar. Aurangzeb is often regarded as one of the most tyrannical rulers of the Mughal dynasty. His rule was marked by the extensive destruction of Hindu temples, with over 1,000 temples demolished across India. Temples such as Kashi Vishwanath, Keshavdev, Bisheshwar, Vijay, and Somnath were destroyed and replaced with mosques. Additionally, Aurangzeb ordered the execution of the ninth Sikh Guru, Teg Bahadur Ji, who was executed after refusing to convert to Islam. Aurangzeb also had Guru Teg Bahadur Ji’s three companions—Mati Das, Sati Das, and Dayala—executed in front of him. The site of Guru Teg Bahadur Ji’s martyrdom in Chandni Chowk, Delhi, later became the Sheeshganj Gurudwara.
– Power came into the hands of Mughal ruler Aurangzeb on 31 July 1658
– During Aurangzeb’s reign, 1000 Hindu temples were demolished in India
– It was Aurangzeb who got the ninth Sikh Guru Teg Bahadur Ji killed
Safai Karamchari Diwas is observed nationwide on July 31 to recognize and honor the contributions of Safai Karamcharis, who play a crucial role in maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in our streets, offices, and public spaces. Celebrated annually in India since 1964, this day is marked by various programs and events that acknowledge the hard work and dedication of these essential workers. The purpose of Safai Karamchari Diwas is to appreciate their significant contributions and raise societal awareness about their important role.
– Safai Karamchari Diwas is celebrated across the country on 31 July
– The purpose of this day is to honor the important contribution of Safai Karamcharis
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