On September 19, 1960, the Indus Water Treaty was signed in Karachi between India and Pakistan, mediated by the World Bank. The agreement established water-sharing rights for the Indus River and its tributaries: Jhelum and Chenab were designated as western rivers for Pakistan, while Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej were declared eastern rivers for India. The treaty included provisions for ongoing negotiations and site inspections, leading to the formation of the Indus Commission to facilitate meetings between the commissioners of both countries. Following the 1947 partition, both nations had laid claim to the Indus River and its tributaries, primarily affecting the Punjab and Sindh regions.
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